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A preventive or prophylactic mastectomy is an elective operation to remove the breasts so that the risk of breast cancer is reduced. ==Indications== The procedure is a surgical option for individuals who are at high risk for the development of breast cancer. This preventive operation pertains to women with these characteristics:〔 * BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers; this is the main indication for bilateral prophylactic mastectomy. * Cancer in one breast and a family history of breast cancer. * Family history of breast cancer. The genetic risk can be passed down through the mother’s or father’s side. * Radiation therapy to the chest before the age of 30. * Presence of lobular carcinoma in situ. * Having dense breasts or breasts with diffuse microcalcification, as the screening for breast cancer is made difficult. Discussions and decision should be made with the help of specialists who can use relevant information and statistical models to predict the individual lifetime risk of development of breast cancer. Undergoing a preventive mastectomy does not guarantee that breast cancer will not develop later, however, it reduces the risk by 90% in high risk women.〔〔 Also, a preventive mastectomy may not be able to remove all breast tissue as some of it may be in the arm pit, near the collar bone, or in the abdominal wall.〔 Male carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations have a higher risk of breast cancer than other males, approximately 1.2% and 6.8%, but their risk is much lower than in female mutation carriers (about 60%) and lower than in the general female population (12%). Thus, preventive mastectomy has not been advocated for affected men. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「preventive mastectomy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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